Jazan University Journal of Human Sciences
Jazan University Journal of Human Sciences is a leading, specialized, and peer-reviewed scientific journal. It aims to support research in the field of humanities at the local, regional, and global levels, promoting intellectual and scientific development by providing a platform for researchers from around the world. The journal publishes three issues per year (January, May, September) and is available in both Arabic and English. The journal publishes authentic articles adhering to global scientific publishing standards in the field of human Sciences.
The Phenomenon of Food Waste Through Consumer Behavior in Saudi Society and the Possibility of Its Reduction: A Study from the Perspective of Islamic Economics
This study aims to uncover the underlying causes of food waste in Saudi society, analyze its dimensions, and explore possible solutions to mitigate the phenomenon through the application of Islamic economic principles. The descriptive-analytical method was employed, and the study reached several key findings. Chief among them is that irrational consumer behavior constitutes a primary driver of food waste, in addition to certain cultural factors, misguided social practices, and the absence of comprehensive legislation regulating waste reduction. The principles of Islamic economics were found to provide effective remedies that could significantly contribute to limiting food waste. The study also revealed that the high level of food waste in Saudi society represents a drain on economic resources, despite substantial efforts exerted by governmental and non-governmental entities through awareness programs and food preservation initiatives. Based on these findings, the study offers several recommendations, most notably: intensifying awareness campaigns that highlight the risks of food waste, and supporting food preservation associations and initiatives aimed at collecting surplus food and redistributing it to those in need.
Field of Study: Economics Specialization: Islamic Economics
Copyright (c) 2025 CC Attribution 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Provisions on the Assignment of Franchise Agreements under the Saudi Law – An Analytical Study
This study proposes a regulatory framework for the assignment of franchise agreements under Saudi law. It addresses a gap whereby the Franchise Law conditions a franchisee’s assignment on the franchisor’s consent but specifies neither the nature nor the form of that consent، and remains silent on its legal effects. The Law also fails to regulate assignments by the franchisor، leaving a vacuum regarding the rules and consequences of assigning a franchise agreement. The research asks: what rules should govern assignment; how do franchisor assignments differ from franchisee assignments; what are the legal consequences; and what amendments are warranted to the current regime? Its importance lies in the frequency of such transactions and their economic and legal implications. Methodologically، the paper uses an analytical–deductive approach to the Franchise Law، the Civil Transactions Law، and general legal principles to derive an integrated framework. Findings show that the current law inadequately addresses assignment. They also indicate that franchisors occupy a superior legal position to franchisees، which is reflected in divergent rules and outcomes upon assignment. Accordingly، the paper advances a detailed، implementable framework regulating assignment of franchise agreements. The study recommends updating the Franchise Law by adding a dedicated chapter that comprehensively governs assignment in line with the proposed framework and findings، thereby promoting fairness، enhancing transparency، and strengthening the commercial environment.
The Inheritance of The Divorced Wife of a Man Suffering from A Serious Illness If He Dies from It: (A Contemporary Jurisprudential Study) The Case of a Person Infected with The Coronavirus as A Model
Death is the end of every living being on this earth. It is the wisdom of God that everything is subject to decay and that all things perish except for His face. It is also decreed by God's wisdom that a person takes nothing with them after death except for their deeds; their wealth is divided among their heirs, among whom is their wife. This research addresses the ruling on divorce, the legal rulings related to the divorce of a sick person in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the legal classification of the inheritance of a divorced woman in the event that her husband contracts the coronavirus. The study concludes with several findings, including: a divorced woman in a revocable divorce is unanimously recognized as deserving of inheritance due to the existing marriage, and she is considered a wife with the same status as other wives. A divorced woman in an irrevocable divorce, according to the prevailing opinion, is entitled to inheritance if her husband suffers from a terminal illness (COVID-19) and enters a state of distress that could lead to death, especially if the intention of the one who divorced her was to deprive her of her inheritance.
Evaluating Self-Determination Theory of Second Language (SDT-L2) Scale in Chinese Language Learning Among Saudi Elementary School Students
Chinese language courses were introduced into Saudi elementary schools under Saudi Vision 2030 to promote global engagement. Understanding students' motivation is key to effective language acquisition in non-native contexts. This study assessed the motivational orientations of elementary students in Saudi Arabia using the Self-Determination Theory for Second Language Learning (SDT-L2) Scale. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 elementary schools, with 993 students participating (80.06% female, 19.94% male). Most students (92.15%) reported family encouragement to learn Chinese, and 78.25% expressed interest in learning foreign languages. The overall mean score on the SDT-L2 scale was 3.94 ± 0.88, indicating moderately high motivation levels. Among the types of motivation, intrinsic motivation was the highest, followed by identified motivation, external motivation, and, lastly, introjected motivation. Family encouragement and interest in language learning were significant predictors of higher overall motivation. Significant gender differences were observed for identified motivation, with females scoring higher. Strong correlations were found between intrinsic and identified motivations, while introjected motivation showed weaker associations. These findings highlight the importance of fostering intrinsic and identified motivations through supportive family environments, engaging teaching strategies, and activities that stimulate interest. The study offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and families to enhance Chinese language acquisition.
The Doctrinal Topics Related to the Closeness of Almighty Allah and the Closeness of the Angels in the Qur’an –Compilation and Study
Importance of the Research: Studying the topic of nearness in the Qur'an is related to the Oneness of Almighty Allah in His Names and Attributes, which is the greatest and most honorable of all sciences. Nearness is mentioned in many places in the Qur'an, each with its own meaning and rulings. The nearness of the angels is mentioned in multiple places, some of which have resulted in disagreement among Sunnis. Research Objectives: The research aims to clarify what is meant by the nearness of Almighty Allah to His servants and His angels, as well as to clarify what is meant by the nearness of the angels to the human and their relationship with them during this closeness. Research Plan: The research consists of an introduction, a preface, two chapters, a conclusion, and scientific indexes. Research Findings: Almighty Allah has singled out some of His servants for His closeness to them and their closeness to Him. This closeness is of various types, each with its own ruling and meaning. This closeness is attained by the servant—after Allah's grace—by exerting legitimate means, such as frequent worship, supplication, and prostration to Almighty Allah.
موضوع هذا البحث دراسة القرب الوارد في القرآن سواء ما يتعلق بالرب سبحانه أو ما يتعلق بالملائكة
The Effectiveness of an Online Training Program in Increasing Awareness Among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
There is limited research regarding Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This suggests a limited understanding of ASD, which may promote the acceptance of practices that are not research-based. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of culturally appropriate educational training program in enhancing Saudi female caregivers’ awareness of ASD. The online, group-based training sought to provide information regarding ASD, including its causes, symptomatology, misconceptions, and how to locate and access available services. In addition, an overview of the foundational, evidence-based interventions that emerged from the principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) was provided. The study used a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design to assess changes in awareness of ASD after engaging in the online training. Pre-test results indicated some misinformation regarding the causal factors of ASD. Additionally, mothers showed a lack of knowledge of ASD evidence-based interventions and experienced difficulties locating and accessing ASD services. Furthermore, their decisions were often based on inaccurate information, making it difficult to source effective support. However, post-test results indicated an increase in participants’ awareness of ASD. The programme procedures were presented and discussed, including suggestions for culturally appropriate content and the identification of possible barriers of implementation. Limitations of the study and future research directions were discussed.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Performance Measurement Indicators in Emerging Universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The study aimed to explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of performance measurement indicators in emerging universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a particular focus on five newly established universities. A survey was administered to faculty members to gather their views on these factors, and the data were analyzed using SPSS. The sample comprised 387 valid responses. The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between the domains of “development and establishment of performance indicators” and “characteristics of performance measurement indicators” across universities. However, significant differences were found in the domains of “fulfillment of performance indicators,” “the contribution of performance indicators to benchmarking,” and “the effectiveness of performance indicators.” Additionally, significant differences emerged between the domains of “development and establishment of performance indicators” and “characteristics of performance measurement indicators,” as well as between “fulfillment of performance indicators,” “the contribution of performance indicators to benchmarking,” and “effectiveness of performance indicators.” The results further indicated that “benchmarking” and “fulfillment of performance indicators” represent the two key factors affecting the effectiveness of performance measures, while the inclusion of “characteristics of performance indicators” enhanced the model’s ability to explain variations in their effectiveness. Key recommendations include: conducting deeper analyses of variables influencing performance indicators, examining relationships among domains without significant differences, and expanding research to diverse academic institutions. Universities are also urged to strengthen benchmarking and indicator fulfillment, and to update indicator characteristics for greater flexibility and clarity in line with academic and technological changes.
Empowering Learners: The Role of Student-Centered Learning in Fostering Life Skills Development within Saudi Higher Education
This study investigates the implementation of student-centered learning (SCL) in Saudi higher education and its role in fostering essential life skills among undergraduate students. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 12 faculty members, 15 students, and 7 student affairs staff, the research examines experiences, challenges, and strategies for sustainable SCL adoption. Findings reveal that SCL enhances student engagement and cultivates critical life skills, including leadership, communication, and time management. However, systemic challenges—such as faculty workload, student resistance, and institutional constraints—impede consistent implementation. The study underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between academic departments and student affairs to effectively integrate life skills development into the curriculum. The research advocates for comprehensive faculty training, institutional policy reforms, and innovative assessment methodologies. This study offers valuable insights and practical recommendations aligned with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 objectives for a knowledge-based economy.
Challenges Affecting Workforce Performance of Human Resources at Jazan University from the Perspective of a Sample of Faculty Staff Members (Exploratory Study)
This qualitative study aimed to explore the workplace challenges that affect the professional performance of faculty members at the College of Arts and Humanities at Jazan University. The research employed an inductive qualitative approach based on open-ended interviews. A purposive sample of (14) faculty members from different departments participated in the study, offering diverse perspectives on institutional challenges and the impact on their professional roles. Thematic analysis revealed several recurring challenges, including administrative overload, participation in numerous committees, and a conflict between teaching responsibilities and additional academic or administrative duties. Participants also reported a lack of access to targeted professional development opportunities and inadequate institutional resources to support academic activities. Despite these challenges, the study noted that communication between faculty members and college administration exists, although it is often limited and ineffective in addressing core issues. Moreover, while faculty members are generally encouraged to engage in research and training, logistical constraints and competing demands hinder their involvement. The findings underscore the need for institutional reforms that prioritize workload balance, strategic support for professional development, and enhancement of physical and academic resources. The study recommends reducing administrative burdens, providing more flexible and relevant training opportunities, and improving communication channels between faculty and leadership. By addressing these issues, the college can create a more supportive environment that promotes faculty well-being and advances academic performance. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on higher education challenges in the Saudi context and offer practical implications for university policy and leadership.
Standing in the Forest of Being Alive: Art as a Means of Defiance and Survival in Katie Farris’s Poetry
This paper analyzes Katie Farris’s poetry book, Standing in the Forest of Being Alive (2023), as a major study of survival, resilience, and the shifting power of language in the wake of personal and collective disasters. Farris’s work, produced throughout her fight against breast cancer and the COVID-19 pandemic, goes beyond the bounds of traditional confessionalist verse to elevate her public and private pain into a universal story of grief, love, and defiance. By employing broken syntax, rich imagery, and intertextual allusion to literary lineages, the collection presents a poetics of resilience, pushing readers toward complexity in both life and death. Farris considers love and language potent weapons against despair, emphasizing their necessity in turbulent times. This paper analyzes how her depiction of illness disrupts dominant narratives, therefore emphasizing the resilience of the body and writing as a weapon of empowerment. Furthermore, it highlights Farris's innovative poetic devices that further contribute to the emotional depth and complexity. The work becomes understandable from then on as the piece balances its struggles with death, helplessness, and hopelessness, giving readers a notion of how to joyfully and courageously deal with middle-ware life as it proves that Standing in the Forest of Being Alive works as a personal tale and a larger commentary on vulnerability and perseverance.
The Attributes of (Face, Hand, Eye, And Wonder) According to Al-Wahidi Through His Simple Interpretation, Presentation and Criticism in Light of The Approach of The People of The Sunnah and The Community
This research aims to study samples of al-Wahidi's interpretations—through his Quranic exegesis "Al-Basit"—regarding the attributes of Allah when explaining verses that mention these attributes to extract the features of his doctrinal methodology, then present these interpretations against the methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah to determine the extent of agreement or disagreement. The selected samples from his interpretation of verses discussing [Face, Hands, Eye, and Wonder] have highlighted his doctrinal approach to divine attributes in general. The researcher followed a critical methodology in addressing these topics. The findings indicate that Al-Wahidi’s methodology in interpreting divine attributes aligns with that of later Ash'arites, affirming certain attributes in a manner partially consistent with the Salaf, while also bearing resemblance to the Mu'tazilite perspective in some respects. The methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah entails affirming the attributes that Allah has confirmed for Himself and those affirmed by His Messenger (peace be upon him) without distortion, anthropomorphism, or nullification. Allah has established the attributes of face, hands, eyes, and amazement for Himself and critiques the erroneous interpretations of those who negate divine attributes. The research recommends adhering to the creed of the Salaf, as it serves as a unifying doctrine for Muslims and protects against doctrinal divisions. Since it is derived from the Quran and the Sunnah, it is the most reliable foundation for understanding divine attributes while avoiding destructive disputes and speculative opinions concerning the essence of Allah and His attributes.
صفات (الوجه- اليد- العين- العجب) عند الواحدي من خلال تفسيره البسيط عرض ونقد في ضوء منهج أهل السنة والجماعة
الكلمات المفتاحية: صفات، الواحدي، البسيط، السنة والجماعة.
Man Between Manifestations of Divine Honor and Manifestations of Contemporary Human Baseness
This research aims to investigate the manifestations of divine honor for man and the most prominent manifestations of contemporary human baseness. The importance of this topic lies in the fact that it represents a serious threat to the individual, family and society alike in light of the contemporary doctrinal, intellectual and moral breaches of man and societies. At the forefront of these dangers and threats is the serious violation of human humanity committed by contemporary Western civilization, by leading him to the swamp of human baseness. The researcher used the descriptive method while revelation revealed the truth of man and the origin of his formation, as it distinguished him with creation, beauty of image, awareness and perception, which is considered one of the most prominent features of divine honor for man. Through faith, man realizes the purpose of his existence in this life, and from extremism to moderation, and controls his desires to raise him with virtue, and through it the believers unite in one society. so, it strips man of his humanity, and transforms him into something among things; that is, it strips him of the freedom of choice and the ability to achieve the essence of his honorable humanity. specializations; conduct more research and studies related to the manifestations of human baseness, and how to protect individuals and societies from it, while presenting practical programs that can be implemented in the field.
يتكلم البحث عن التكريم الإلهي للإنسان ومظاهر السفول البشري المعاصر لدى الغرب
Mapping the Evolution of Online Review Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis (1990–2024)
This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly literature on online reviewing from 1990 to 2024. Based on 701 peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Scopus, the study maps publication trends, key contributors, and the intellectual structure of the field. Various techniques were applied using Biblioshiny and the Bibliometrix R-package, including performance analysis, co-citation and co-word mapping, and thematic evolution. Findings show that online reviewing has evolved into a multidisciplinary domain, intersecting marketing, information systems, hospitality, and data science. A marked rise in scholarly output occurred post-2010, with China and the United States leading in volume and citations. Key themes have shifted from traditional word-of-mouth to AI-driven trust and sentiment analysis. This work offers insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to harness the potential of user-generated content in the digital era.
Age-Related Differences in Semantic Priming Among Bilinguals: A Synthesized Literature Review
This literature review investigates how age influences semantic priming in bilinguals, addressing two research questions: 1. What are the effects of age on the emergence and development of semantic priming in bilingual individuals? 2. How do the characteristics of semantic priming in terms of timing, strength, processing strategies, and language dominance differ across developmental stages? The review aims to identify patterns in semantic priming and analyze age-related changes in cognitive and linguistic characteristics. A qualitative approach was applied using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis framework, based on eight empirical studies involving 625 bilingual participants ranging in age from 17 months to 81 years. Relevant studies were selected through a systematic search across four academic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Semantic Scholar, focusing on literature published between 2008 and 2020. Two central themes emerged from the analysis: first, developmental trajectories in semantic priming; second, developmental differences in priming characteristics. The findings suggest that semantic priming becomes robust between 18–30 months, favoring the dominant language and expanding across both languages. Older children demonstrate deeper semantic associations, and adults rely more on contextual cues despite slower processing. Tools such as CCT, IPL, and MCDI proved essential in tracking priming patterns across developmental stages. Key limitations include the lack of gender-specific data and limited linguistic diversity in the samples. Future studies are recommended to explore underrepresented language pairs, sociocultural and gender factors, and adopt longitudinal methodologies to trace the development of semantic priming over time.
Hadith of Al-Baraa Bin Azib Regarding What to Avoid from Sacrificial Animals Between Correction and Defect and Explaining the Most Correct of Them
This research aims to collect the methods of the hadith of Al-Baraa bin Azib “What is not allowed in sacrificial animals”, and his narrationa single sequence, with an in-depth study of their traditions, and the study of their predecessors, and the editing of the differences and defects in them according to the balance of Hadith criticism. I relied on an inductive, analytical, and critical approach. The results of the research were that this hadith was narrated by Shu 'bah, Ibn Le 'ya'ah, Amr ibn al Harith, al-Layth ibn Sa 'd, and Yazid ibn Abi Habib, from Suleiman ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, from Obaid ibn Fayrouz, from al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, and the hadith with this attribution is correct. I recommend taking care to study the hadiths that have been annotated, and to familiarize yourself with the scholars' approaches and methods in annotating narrations, in order to benefit from them in judging the hadiths of the Prophet.
Equipping Educators for the Future: A Systematic Review of Literature on Online and Hybrid Teaching Environments
This systematic review examines challenges, effective strategies, benefits, and policy implications in preparing educators for online and hybrid teaching environments, synthesizing 30 peer-reviewed studies (2000–2025) from ERIC, JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Key challenges encountered by educators include limited digital experience, inflexible curricula, increased workloads, and technological barriers. Effective strategies emphasize constructivist pedagogies (e.g., virtual field trips, flipped classrooms), persistent instructor presence, and tailored professional development. Hybrid models demonstrate flexibility, skill development, and learning outcomes equivalent to traditional methods, but require robust infrastructure and equitable access. Policy reforms, such as mandated certifications and curriculum redesign, are critical for aligning teacher preparation with digital demands. Findings advocate for holistic approaches integrating pedagogical innovation, technological adaptability, and systemic policy support. Future research should explore culturally responsive models and AI’s role in teacher training, ensuring equitable, high-quality education in evolving digital landscapes.
An Interactive E-Book Based on The Gestalt Theory to Enhance Achievement, Develop Digital Storytelling Skills, and Reduce Academic Boredom Among Faculty of Early Childhood Education Female Students at Shaqra University
The current research aimed to design an interactive e-book based on the principles of Gestalt theory and to measure its impact on achievement, the development of digital storytelling skills, and the reduction of academic boredom among female students at the faculty of Early Childhood Education, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experimental research method was used, specifically the quasi-experimental design. The research tools included a cognitive achievement test related to digital storytelling skills, a digital story production evaluation rubric, and an academic boredom scale. These tools were applied to a sample of 30 female students from the Early Childhood Education Department at Shaqra University. The results of the study revealed improvements in achievement, the development of digital storytelling skills, and a reduction in academic boredom among the sample of the study. Additionally, the study revealed a positive correlation between the development of skills that are related to digital storytelling using the interactive e-book based on Gestalt theory and the reduction of academic boredom.
Provisions of the Landlord's Obligation to Repair and Guarantee the Leased Property in The Civil Transactions Law and Its Judicial Applications
The lease contract is considered one of the important civil contracts that regulate the relationship between the lessor and the lessee, outlining the obligations and rights of each party. The Civil Transactions Law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia includes provisions regarding lease contracts, especially concerning the repair and guarantee of the leased property. The lessor is obligated to carry out the necessary repairs to ensure the leased property remains suitable for use. If the lessor fails to fulfill this obligation, the lessee may claim compensation or even request the termination of the contract. The lessor's obligations do not include routine maintenance, which falls under the responsibility of the lessee. The lessor guarantees any interference resulting from their personal actions, as well as interference from third parties if based on a legal cause. Additionally, the lessor must guarantee any hidden defects in the leased property that prevent its use or diminish its value. The research concludes that the lessor is obligated to perform necessary repairs and that this obligation does not extend to leasing maintenance. Furthermore, the lessor guarantees interference resulting from their actions or those of third parties under certain conditions. Recommendations include clarifying the necessary repairs that the lessor must undertake, defining the maintenance responsibilities of the lessee, establishing the timeframe within which the lessor may delay necessary repairs, and requiring the lessee to promptly notify the lessor of any incidents that threaten the safety of the leased property.
أحكام التزام المؤجر بإصلاح وضمان المأجور في نظام المعاملات المدنية وتطبيقاته القضائية
The Influence of Study Location on English Language Learning: A Comparative Study of Arabic-Speaking Students
This research examined if Arabic-speaking students of English language achieve higher proficiency when studying in a country where English is spoken as a primary language compared to those who study in a non-English-speaking country. Also, it explored how age and gender impact English language learning. A comparative cross-sectional design was run to analyze data from 184 Arabic-speaking students of English. Participants’ English learning was assessed using standardized tests that measured listening, reading, writing, speaking, and overall proficiency. The results showed slightly higher proficiency scores for students who studied abroad, especially in speaking and listening proficiency, but the Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference between study countries across most language skills. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed weak relationships between study location and proficiency scores, with the strongest correlation found in listening proficiency. Although Kruskal-Wallis tests identified minor variations in proficiency across age groups, no clear pattern was established. Ordinal logistic regression confirmed that study location, gender, and age had limited impact on overall proficiency, which suggests that other unexamined factors may play a role in learning. Hence, while studying abroad offered marginal advantages in listening and speaking, the overall language proficiency differences between study locations were not statistically significant. This challenges the common assumption that immersion in an English-speaking environment guarantees superior language learning. There is a need for a balanced approach that integrates immersive exposure and structured learning. Future research should explore variables like teaching strategies, motivation, and individual learning styles to better understand the complexities of language learning.
Dialectal Differences at The Morphological Level the Book "Al-Najm Al-Wahhaj Fi Sharh Al-Minhaj" By Al-Damri (D. 808 AH) Is A Model
This research investigates into the book entitled and transliterated as "Al-Najm al-Wahhaj fi Sharh al-Minhaj" which is translated into “"The Blazing Star" or "The Radiant Star in Explanation of The Methodology” by Al-Damiri, conducive to tracing the dialectal differences at the morphological level within it, covering verbs and their derivatives, then the structure between length and shortness, source patterns, plurals, al-maqsur and al-mamdud (shortened and lengthened nouns), and gender. Using a descriptive approach based on analysis, this research links ancient dialectal differences with modern ones, scrutinizing al-Damiri's approach, his judgments, and attributing what can be attributed. The results conclude that the majority of what is narrated as eloquence belongs to the languages of the Hijazi tribes, which represent the classical dialect, and that Al-Damiri relied on the Holy Qur'an or the speech of eloquent Arabs to support his preference for certain languages, if he distinguished between them.
Al-Najm al-Wahhaj” “"The Blazing Star" or "The Radiant Star”
The Development of Administrative Law to Keep up with Governance
Through the development in the regulatory and at the administrative level of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it is important to monitor the impact of governance on the administrative law. Since the administrative law is well known as a flexible law, it is able to adjust with administrative and regulatory developments, so we try to contribute to the field of administrative law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and how to fill the gaps that emerge from the application of governance. The research concluded that it is necessary to pay attention to the legislative aspect, participate in drafting legislation, and pay attention to transparency by making information available to beneficiaries.
The Degree of Availability of Oral Communication Anxiety among Intermediate Stage Students
This study aimed to reveal the degree of oral communication anxiety among intermediate-stage students. To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive survey approach and developed a scale for measuring oral communication anxiety, ensuring its validity and reliability. The study reached several findings, including that the levels of oral communication anxiety across the five study dimensions (with the teacher, the school administration, peers, the community, and communication in Standard Arabic) ranged between (4.24 out of 5) and (3.92 out of 5), with standard deviations between (1.24 - 1.36). This represents a very high level of availability, according to the study results interpretation scale. The results also indicated that the level of communication anxiety with peers was highest, with a mean score (4.23 out of 5) and a standard deviation (1.24), with a very high degree. The results showed that the lowest level of oral communication apprehension was with the teacher, where the mean score was (3.92 out of 5) and a standard deviation of (1.34). There was a statistically significant difference attributed to the gender variable (male/female); it was found that female intermediate school students had a higher level of oral communication apprehension compared to their male counterparts. In light of these findings, the researcher proposed several recommendations.
McCroskey’s Communication Anxiety Scale (PRCA-24)
مقياس ماكروسكي لقياس قلق التواصل (RCA-24 P)
On Cohesive Devices in the Quranic Discourse: A Linguistic Analysis
Quranic discourse stands as a profound linguistic and rhetorical masterpiece, characterized by its unique stylistic features that ensure coherence and clarity. One of the most remarkable aspects of the Quranic text is its use of cohesive devices, linguistic elements that establish connections between parts of the text, creating a seamless flow of ideas and facilitating comprehension. These cohesive devices play a critical role in maintaining the internal unity of the text and enhancing its eloquence. They include conjunctions, pronouns, repetition, ellipses, and parallel structures, all of which contribute to the overall coherence and persuasiveness of the Quranic message. By investigating these cohesive elements, this study seeks to uncover how they function within the Quranic text, providing an understanding of the text's linguistic artistry. Through the lens of linguistic and rhetorical analysis, this research emphasises the importance of cohesion in the Quran, not only as a stylistic device but also as a mechanism for effectively communicating its divine message.
The Level of Impact of Islamic Studies Curricula in Promoting Integrity Values ​​among Secondary School Students in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The study aimed to examine the extent to which Islamic studies curricula influence the promotion of integrity values among high school students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from the perspective of Islamic studies teachers and third-year high school students. Additionally, it sought to propose a conceptual framework for developing these curricula in light of enhancing integrity values. The research sample consisted of 82 teachers and 366 students. The researchers employed a descriptive survey methodology and utilized a questionnaire comprising 54 statements distributed across four dimensions: scientific and cognitive, personal and ethical, social, and national. The findings revealed a set of integrity values that should be reinforced among high school students. The overall impact of Islamic studies curricula on promoting integrity values, as perceived by both teachers and students, was high across all dimensions, except for the scientific and cognitive aspect, which was rated as moderate by teachers. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level between the mean responses of study participants regarding the overall score and the scientific and cognitive dimension attributed to the teacher/student variable in favor of students. Based on these findings, the researchers designed a proposed framework and recommended utilizing the necessary integrity values for high school students, periodically reviewing Islamic studies curricula to ensure they incorporate innovative teaching strategies and making use of the integrity scale and proposed framework developed by the researchers to enhance the impact of Islamic studies curricula in promoting integrity values.
Curricula and teaching methods (Islamic education)
The Rhetorical Systems of Static and Dynamic Images: From the Visible degree to the Conceptual Degree
If the iconic visual discourse is a rhetorical system characterized by relative similarity to its subject in the external world, it is also considered a "texture," meaning it is composed of units and materials from which it is made. These units indicate similarity or contrast, including units of color, space, and shape. Therefore, the texture refers to the components and units of the image related to the material, shape, colors, and other elements that can be analyzed and interpreted. But the plan we adopt as a methodology for analyzing the iconic image in Saudi visual discourse relies on two complementary approaches: The first is the semiotic approach, in which we relied on Peirce's concept of the sign and its characteristics. The second is the pragmatic linguistic approach, which reveals to us the relationship between the image and speech acts and our interpretation of them in order to explore the relationship between the Culture's advertising discourse and traditions and heritage to highlight in order to establish the complex and diverse Saudi identity in society.
Writing: A Study on the Saudi Discourse Markers in EFL Learners' Literary Higher Education Context
This particular study sought to understand the various English discourse markers used by students in writing and their respective functions and seeks to analyse the use of discourse markers in Saudi Arabia. The study used a qualitative descriptive design. The study used a sample of 45 essays written by EFL students in the English Education study program for their graduation in the Department of English at Jazan University. The results of the study showed that students mostly used contrastive, elaborative and inferential discourse markers. There is a limitation of studies on discourse markers especially for English learning students in Saudi Arabia. The results demonstrated that the graduation projects were very appropriate towards learning because they provided enough discourse markers to learn the various functions and types of discourse markers in the various projects. The study recommends that students of EFL get various kinds of discourse markers to prepare and compose their writing to make it well organised as well as understood.
The Relationship Between Digital Fluency and Teaching Competence among Secondary School Science Teachers in Arar City
The present study aimed to examine The Relationship Between Digital Fluency and Teaching Competence among Secondary School Science Teachers in Arar City. The study employed a descriptive and correlational research design to investigate this relationship. The research sample consisted of 151 male and female secondary school science teachers in Saudi Arabia. Two research instruments were utilized: a questionnaire to assess the level of digital fluency among science teachers and another questionnaire to evaluate their teaching competency in employing artificial intelligence (AI) tools. The study yielded several key findings, the most significant of which indicated that the level of digital fluency among secondary school science teachers was moderate (3.37), and their teaching competency in employing AI tools was also moderate (3.20). Additionally, the results demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of digital fluency and the level of teaching competency in utilizing AI tools in instruction. Furthermore, the findings revealed no statistically significant differences attributed to gender or academic specialization. However, statistically significant differences were found based on educational qualification, favoring postgraduate degree holders, and participation in technology training courses, favoring those who had received such training. Based on these findings, the study recommended that educational authorities prioritize providing a series of training programs to enhance the digital fluency of science teachers. This, in turn, would contribute positively to their teaching competency in integrating AI tools into instruction.
Part One: A Council Dictated by Sayyid Imam Al-Haddadi (d. 539 AH) Investigation and Study
This research aims to investigate and comment on a manuscript on hadith, which is the first part of a council dictated by Sayyid Imam Abu Bakr Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr al-Hasani al-Haddadi (d. 539 AH). Its importance lies in the fact that it has not yet been investigated, nor has it ruled on the hadiths it mentioned. In the study section, I have relied on the analytical approach, while the investigation section will be in accordance with the scientific method followed in investigation. I have reached many results, the most important of which are: The examination of the hadiths and the study of the chains of transmission revealed that the council included two authentic hadiths with a weak chain of transmission going back to the author, two hadiths with two good chains of transmission, three hadiths with weak chains of transmission that were found by people other than the author with other authentic chains of transmission, five weak hadiths, and one hadith that had no basis.
Thanking Strategies Among Hijazi Arabic Speakers: A Socio-Pragmatic Study
This study examines and analyzes thanking strategies used by native speakers of Saudi Hijazi Arabic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also explores whether cultural background variables; namely gender, age, and level of education—affect the selection of specific expressions of gratitude. A peer-reviewed discourse completion task (DCT) in Arabic was used to elicit responses from 110 participants (55 males and 55 females). Cheng’s (2010) framework guided the analysis of the elicited strategies. The results were categorized and analyzed in terms of number, frequency, and percentage of each strategy. Findings indicate that simple thanking, religious formulas, and expressions of positive feelings were the most frequently used strategies. Participants often produced lengthier utterances or included compliments to express gratitude. Although the DCT did not directly capture non-verbal behavior, some participants described gestures such as smiling and shoulder tapping in their responses, suggesting these cues commonly accompany verbal expressions and reflect religious and cultural norms in the Hijaz region. Unlike some earlier studies, this study did not find notable gender-based differences in the overall frequency of thanking strategies based on percentages and frequencies alone. The findings also suggest that older educated participants prefer shorter, formulaic expressions, while younger individuals tend to use more creative forms. Additionally, female participants are more likely to use elaborated strategies, whereas male participants favor a broader variety of thanking expressions.
Speech Acts in The Anthology of “Al-Tadarris” By the Poet Muhammad Al-Thubaiti: "Pragmatic Approach"
Through this research, the researcher seeks to determine the impact of verbal acts on persuasion, achievement, verification, and influence on the recipient. A comparative study in the collection of terrain by the poet Muhammad Al-Thubaiti, as he is one of the most important modern poets in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and this collection of his is one of the most important poetry collections. It excelled. In multiple forms of speech acts, such as information, directives, promises (commitments), expressions (revelations), and announcements, and the extent of their semantic and influential impact on the structure of the text, which directly contributed to the aesthetic foundation of the poetic poem.Because of the remarkable poetic presence in Arabic poetry in general and Saudi Arabia in particular, and the research is based on a set of objectives, the most important of which is to reveal the test of the pragmatic approach to the poetic text when Muhammad Al-Thubaiti and its aesthetic and semantic impact, and the research also aims at the applied analysis of the Diwan of terrain of the poet Muhammad Al-Thubaiti according to the requirements of the pragmatic study, within the pragmatic third degree, which is the theory of verbal acts and its analytical tools. The researcher relies on the deliberative approach and its scientific procedures to reach the most important results, including: revealing the role of verbal action in the process of influence and persuasion in the poetic text, that the deliberative approach highlighted the methods to help achieve communication with the recipient through intention and context, and that poetic language is one of the means of influencing the recipient until he reaches persuasion.