Barbeya Oleoides Leaves Extract Mitigates Acetaminophen- Induced Nephrotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Rat Model

Abstract

Acetaminophen is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic, but its potential for nephrotoxicity, particularly in overdose situations, remains a significant concern. Identifying agents that can mitigate this nephrotoxicity is crucial for kidney protection. Barbeya oleoides Schweinfurth (BOL), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may offer protective effects against acetaminophen-induced kidney injury. This study investigates the nephroprotective potential of an ethanolic extract from BOL leaves against acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity. Five groups of rats (n = 6 per group) were treated orally for seven days: Group 1 received a placebo solution (vehicle), Group 2 received a single acetaminophen dose (2 g/kg) on day 5, Groups 3 and 4 received BOL at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg, respectively, along with acetaminophen on day 5, and Group 5 received only BOL (200 mg/kg). Acetaminophen significantly increased the level of the kidney function biomarkers blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), and creatinine, indicating renal dysfunction. It also elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), highlighting an inflammatory response. Furthermore, a notable reduction in antioxidant enzyme levels, namely glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was observed, signifying oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense. Histopathological examination showed disruption of the glomerular basement membrane, confirming renal tissue damage. BOL co-treatment restored kidney function biomarkers and antioxidant levels, reduced cytokine levels, and preserved renal tissue structure suggesting improved oxidative balance. In conclusion, BOL leaves extract demonstrated significant nephroprotective effects against acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting its potential as an adjunct therapy to prevent acetaminophen-induced kidney injury.