Therapeutic efficacy of zinc sulfate in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia – A review of the recent evidence

Abstract

When bilirubin levels exceed 5 mg/dL (86 μmol/L), it may indicate hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, sometimes requiring hospitalization for evaluation and treatment. Between the second and sixth days after birth, physiological jaundice usually peaks. Hemolysis, infections, premature delivery, breastfeeding exclusively, and hereditary predispositions are among the causes of elevated bilirubin levels. The Purpose of this review was to investigate the resent evidence on the causes and mechanisms of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, identify risk factors and therapies, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of zinc sulphate as a phototherapy adjuvant.

Research on zinc sulphate for treating hyperbilirubinemia in newborns was the primary focus of the literature review. Additionally, the mechanism by which phototherapy and zinc decrease enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin was examined. Zinc sulphate supplementation significantly reduces blood bilirubin levels, by increasing its removal through reducing the enterohepatic circulation. Zinc sulphate in conjunction with phototherapy was found to be more effective than phototherapy alone. Clinical trials demonstrated substantial decreases in serum bilirubin within 12 to 72 hours of zinc administration, reducing the duration of treatment.

When combined with phototherapy, zinc sulphate shows promise in treating hyperbilirubinemia. This combination improves bilirubin reduction and may reduce the risk of bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity; however, zinc alone is insufficient. Further experimental studies are required to confirm these findings and establish a consistent treatment protocol.