Alfonso X of Castile and his Crusader greed in the Islamic Kingdoms650-683 AH / 1252-1284 AD

Abstract

The aim of this research is to know more about Alfonso X, King of the Kingdom of Leon and Castile, with a focus on his Crusader role in the Islamic kingdoms represented in the Kingdom of Granada and some of the Andalusian cities, and to determine the nature of his relationship with the Islamic kingdoms in North Africa, as well as his relationship and connection with the court of the Mamluk Sultans in Cairo.  Alfonso X was called the wise once, and the scientist once again;  Because of his keen interest in all sciences, arts, Islamic culture and others, he was able, thanks to his wisdom and prudence, to transfer many Muslim works and translate their books into the ancient Castilian language.  Therefore, his fame in the field of sciences, arts and knowledge exceeded the military and political arts aspects; but he played a prominent role in trying to transfer the extent of the field of the Crusades from Andalusia to North Africa, with the support of the kings of Western Europe, and the papacy in Rome.  The civil revolution in Castile was led to the ouster of Alfonso X from power, after which she died.  The researcher used the historical, descriptive and analytical method, and the results of the research indicated that Alfonso X's relationship with the defeated Islamic kingdoms was severe and embodied in the unjust subordination