Forms of the Presence of the Narrator and the Narratteein “A Tale of Love” by Ghazi Al-Qusaibi

Abstract

This paper examines the forms of presence of the narrator and the narrattee in “A Tale of Love” by the novelist and poet Ghazi Al-Qusaibi. It seeks to investigate style of novel narration, identifies the views of the narrator about the novel, the types of narrators; and analyzes their discourse. In addition, the paper seeks to reveal the kinds of narrattee and shows their function and the manifestations of the relationship between them and the narrator.

The most prominent results of this paper that the presence of the narrator in “A Tale of Love” comes in a primary narrator and a secondary narrator. While the primary narrator frequently takes the third person pronoun, the secondary narrator appears in the first-person pronoun. Moreover, the text adopts the external narrator and rarely the internal one. The Narrator uses zero focalization, internal focalization, and external point of view. However, zero focalization was predominant. The writer also relied on narrative techniques to confirm his overwhelming presence, as the techniques adopted in the forming and constructing of time, accompanying texts, referrals, cinematic montages, Metafiction… etc. The presence of the narrattee has two types: the narrattee outside the story, who is the main one being narrated to without dramatization, and the narrattee inside the story who is dramatized.