Caliphate Hisham Bin Abdulmalik's Policy And Its Impact on The Fall of The Umayyad Caliphate

Abstract

The research aims at identifying and analyzing the role of Caliph Hisham Bin Abdulmalik's Policy and its impact on the Umayyads' rule, taking into account that his reign was immediately followed by the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate. The research concluded that Umayyad Caliphate encountered serious problems during his time in spite of the apparent tranquility. The first of which was the extreme trible fanaticism in the state as a result of the policy of nominating walis (governors) and then the escalation of the Abbassid call which achieved great success especially in Khurasan. Moreover, Zeid Bin Ali's revolt and his killing had a role in promoting the power of the Abbassid call. The spread of the thoughts of Qadariyya sect opposing the Umayyad state, during Hisham's reign, had a role in Yazeed Bin AL-Waleed's revolt, against the caliph AL-Waleed Bin Yazeed, whose most important reason was the intentional action of deforming AL-Waleed Bin Yazeed's picture. All these occurrences had their serious effect on the Umayyad Caliphate, especially in light of Hisham's residence in AL-Rusafah and his engagement in private affairs and his abandoning the problems of the state and not trying to find solutions to overcome them. He was only interested in the financial affairs of the Caliphate, the fact which finally led to the weakening of the Umayyad Caliphate and then its collapse.